types of Operating system

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Sharing bit knowledge about Operating systems...

Microsoft Operating Systems
Microsoft is the most popular developer of computer operating systems. It has the greater share of the pie as their operating systems are greatly promoted throughout the world. This fact combined with their user-friendliness makes them the first choice of every new user.
Microsoft has many times criticized for adopting monopoly tactics and releasing incomplete operating systems that are vulnerable and unstable. This is the reason of the daily release of security patches, updates and service packs. Some of the most popular Microsoft operating systems are listed below:
• Ms-DOS
• Windows 95
• Windows 98
• Windows XP
• Windows 2000
• Windows Vista
• Windows 7
Linux Operating Systems
Linux is, in simplest terms, an operating system. It is the software on a computer that enables applications and the computer operator to access the devices on the computer to perform desired functions. The operating system (OS) relays instructions from an application to, for instance, the computer's processor. The processor performs the instructed task, then sends the results back to the application via the operating system.

Linux is an open source operating system that it was developed by Linus Torvalds and developers from all over the world. It begun as a hobby but now it is a very strong opponent to the commercial companies. Linux gains popularity every year and as a result hundreds of Linux editions have come out from many developers.
As an open operating system, Linux is developed collaboratively, meaning no one company is solely responsible for its development or ongoing support. Companies participating in the Linux economy share research and development costs with their partners and competitors. This spreading of development burden amongst individuals and companies has resulted in a large and efficient ecosystem and unheralded software innovation.
Although, Linux distributions are not so user-friendly as Windows or MAC, they are free. This is because Linux is an open source operating system. Another advantage of an open source OS is that every program that is designed for this computer OS is also free. Some popular Linux distributions for the mainstream users are the following:
• Debian GNU/Linux
• Gentoo Linux
• Mandriva
• SUSE Linux
• Fedora
• Ubuntu Linux

Apple or MAC Operating Systems
Mac OS X is a unique operating system in that it represents a rather successful coming together of paradigms, ideologies, and technologies that have usually resisted each other in the past. It is a result of the trials and tribulations of Apple and NeXT, as well as their user and developer communities. Mac OS X is perhaps one of the best examples of how a capable system can result through the direct or indirect efforts of corporations, academic and research communities, the Open Source and Free Software movements, and even individuals
Apple wanted to differentiate from Microsoft’s approach to computer OS and it was the first company that designed a fully graphical interface for their computer operating systems. When MS-DOS had just a command line waiting the user to start writing, the MAC operating system offered only a graphical environment without a command line support. Apple designed two families of MAC operating systems, the MAC OS and the MAC OS X.
Apple has been around since 1976, and many accounts of its history have been told. If the story of Apple as a company is fascinating, so is the "technical" story of Apple's operating systems
Apple’s operating systems are characterized from the easiness of use and the beautiful visuals. They offer a very nice and easy to use environment. Some versions of MAC OS X are listed below:
• 10 “Cheetah”
• 10.1 “Puma”
• 10.2 “Jaguar”
• 10.3 “Panther”
• 10.4 “Tiger”
• 10.5 “Leopard”
• 10.6 “Snow Leopard”

Types of servers

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FTP servers: FTP Server is a highly functional, easy-to-use and secure server that can be used in Windows, Linux, Mac OSX and Solaris. It supports a number of file transfer protocols, including FTP, HTTP, FTPS, HTTPS and SFTP, giving your end-users flexibility in how they connect to the server.

proxy servers: In computer networks, a proxy server is a server (a computer system or an application) that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers. The proxy server evaluates the request according to its filtering rules

Main functions of proxy servers can be:

• To keep machines behind it anonymous (mainly for security)
• To speed up access to resources (using caching). Web proxies are commonly used to cache web pages from a web server.
• To apply access policy to network services or content, e.g. to block undesired sites.
• To log / audit usage, i.e. to provide company employee Internet usage reporting.
• To bypass security / parental controls.
• To scan transmitted content for malware before delivery.
• To scan outbound content, e.g., for data leak protection.
• To circumvent regional restrictions.
• To allow a web site to make web requests to externally hosted resources (e.g. images, music files, etc.) when cross-domain restrictions prohibit the web site from linking directly to the outside domains.

web servers: A Web server is a program that, using the client/server model and the World Wide Web's Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP ), serves the files that form Web pages to Web users (whose computers contain HTTP clients that forward their requests). Every computer on the Internet that contains a Web site must have a Web server program.

Application Servers: Application servers have lion’s share in computer territory between database servers and the end user, where servers are often connected to the two. They are often referred as middleware Middleware is that software which establishes a connection between two separate applications that are otherwise apart.

List Servers: To improve the management of mailing lists list servers are used despite of what is there type. Whether they are interactive debates open to the public or one-way lists that deliver newsletters, announcements or advertising.

Fax Servers: Those organizations that want to reduce the incoming and outgoing telephone resources; a fax server is an ideal solution. However, there is a need to fax the actual document.

Mail Servers: Mail server is as important as web server s and mail servers to send and store mails on the corporate networks through LANs and WANs and across the internet.

Chat Servers: This server enables a number of people to share information in the environment of an internet newsgroup that offer real time discussion capabilities. It is used to refer to a number of different features of computer. To immediately respond to the input real-time operating systems are used.

IRC Servers: Internet Relay Chat is comprised of various independent networks of servers that allow users to connect to each other via an IRC network. It is an option for those who are seeking real time competence.

Groupware Servers: It is software that is designed to make the users able to work together, regardless of their location, through Internet or a corporate Intranet and to work together in a virtual environment.

News Servers: They work as source of distribution and delivery for hundreds of available public news groups accessible over the USENET news network. USENET is global bulletin board system that can be approached via internet or via a variety of online services

E Commerce Server: The Need of the Hour

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E Commerce Servers have become the need of the hour for everyone who wants to build an e-commerce site to market his or her business online. The craze of the online marketing among masses has enhanced the need of the E Commerce Servers around the world. E Commerce Servers provide a platform to the websites so that they can be visible to the world. With the help of a web host server, a business entrepreneur can easily launch his website and showcase his business as well as brands to the world. A server acts as a storage house that stores a lot of information of a website safe and secure. Whenever, a user registers for a website, it is hosted on a server and its information is stored on various other computers.

There are different types of servers that fulfil the varied needs of different people.
Shared web hosting server: This type of sever contains numerous websites, where all the domains share one common hosting platform and other resources like RAM, CPU, etc.

Reseller web hosting server: This website hosting server enables clients to carry out the web hosting operations themselves. In this kind of a server, a user is allowed to use bandwidth and hard disk space for website hosting. Employing reseller web server, a user does not have to spend huge amount of bucks to buy server hardware. Moreover, a user does not have to manage the server own.

Dedicated hosting server: Dedicated hosting server is reckoned as the best option to enhance the online traffic. Dedicated hosting server is a server that provides user with full authority to operate it. This is a user’s own web server. On a dedicated web hosting server, a user is free to install any kind of software, application and so on. In addition to this, a user can provide his clients with round the clock customer support that seems difficult in case of shared web hosting.

Virtual Server: A virtual server is a kind of a shared server that is operated by numerous Website owners. A user can administer and control the virtual server as per his requirements. With a virtual server, a user can get his own domain name as well as IP address. In addition to this, a user can manage his file directories, logs, add mails, assign varied domain names and so on. But in this type of server, a user cannot access the hardware aspects.

Senpai IT Solutions understands the today’s need of online marketing, hence put a step forward. The company is a professionally managed firm, engaged in providing high-end E Commerce Business Solution. The company has been providing solutions pertaining to software, web, and database development, cryptography, corporate design, and Flash animation. The company caters world class E Commerce Web Services to small businesses, corporate customers, financial institutions, and government organizations, nestled around the world. The company is a flourishing Internet Service Provider in Ireland having an experienced team, advanced infrastructural base, 24*7 client support and unmatched services.